Cog extraction cais cov active compounds los ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv cog. Cov extracted compounds no tau siv dav hauv kev lag luam tshuaj, khoom noj, tshuaj pleev ib ce, thiab cov roj yam tseem ceeb. Kev xaiv cov khoom siv rho tawm yog txiav txim siab los ntawm txoj kev muab rho tawm, cov khoom siv raw khoom thiab cov khoom siv kawg. Cov cuab yeej siv cog qoob loo feem ntau yog teev hauv qab no.
1. Macerators
Macerators yog siv los zom thiab shred cog cov ntaub ntawv. Cov txheej txheem crushing nce qhov chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv raw, uas ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev rho tawm. Cov khoom siv no suav nrog ob qho tib si phau ntawv thiab cov qauv siv tshuab, nrog rau cov piv txwv xws li kev lag luam blenders thiab cov khoom siv grinders.
2. Cov kuab tshuaj Extractors
Cov kuab tshuaj extractors txais cov zaub mov- qib lossis cov kuab tshuaj muaj xws li ethanol, hexane thiab dej huv. Cov kuab tshuaj tag nrho yaj cov khoom xyaw nquag hauv cov nroj tsuag thiab cais cov hom phiaj sib txuas los ntawm cov khoom seem ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Kev txhawb nqa cov cuab yeej pabcuam yog nruab rau cov txheej txheem sib txawv:
Rotary evaporators: Tshem tawm cov kuab tshuaj residual tom qab rho tawm kom tau txais cov nroj tsuag muaj zog heev.
Soxhlet extractors: Classic Laboratory thiab me me - cov cuab yeej tsim khoom lag luam uas paub txog cov kuab tshuaj tsis tu ncua thiab rov muab cov qauv coj mus kuaj.
Supercritical kua extractors (SFE): Txais supercritical CO₂ raws li qhov nruab nrab extraction, uas yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog haum rau extracting siab -purity yam tseem ceeb roj thiab thermally rhiab heev ilv tshuaj.
3. Chav Distillation Chav
Chav tsev distillation yog cov cuab yeej tshaj lij rau cov nroj tsuag tseem ceeb roj extraction. Chav nkag mus rau cov khoom cog kom vaporize cov roj yam tseem ceeb. Cov cuab yeej ua tiav muaj xws li chav boiler, distillation flask, condenser thiab cais funnel. Lub boiler generates siab -kub kub, lub distillation flask tuav cov nroj tsuag raw cov ntaub ntawv, lub condenser cools roj- gas vapor rau hauv lub xeev kua, thiab lub cais funnel thaum kawg sau thiab cais cov tseem ceeb roj distillates.
4. Cov Tshuab Txias Txias
Cov tshuab txias xovxwm rho cov roj cog los ntawm kev siv lub cev ntshiab huv uas tsis muaj siab - cua sov. Lawv tau dav siv rau roj rho tawm los ntawm cov noob, txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab tev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim rau citrus txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab txiv ntseej. Cov hom muaj xws li hydraulic presses thiab ntsia hlau presses.
5. Ultrasonic Extractors
Ultrasonic extractors siv ultrasonic vibration nthwv dej los cuam tshuam thiab agitate cov nroj tsuag hlwb, uas lov cell phab ntsa lug thiab tso tawm sab hauv tseem ceeb roj thiab bioactive compounds rau hauv cov kuab tshuaj. Cov txheej txheem rho tawm no ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab ceev ceev, thiab tiv thaiv cov khoom xyaw uas tsis zoo los ntawm kev puas tsuaj.
6. Vacuum Concentrators
Lub tshuab nqus tsev twj tso kua mis ua haujlwm hauv qhov qis - lub tshuab nqus tsev siab kom tshem tawm cov kuab tshuaj ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Qhov qis- qhov kub thiab txias ua haujlwm zoo kawg nkaus tiv thaiv tshav kub- rhiab heev active compounds, thiab lawv feem ntau yog siv rau tom qab- kho cov kua extraction thiab distillation khoom.
7. Cov khoom siv lim
Cov cuab yeej lim dej feem ntau yog siv los cais cov nroj tsuag cov khoom seem ntawm cov kua rho tawm los ua kom huv cov khoom siv raw. Filter presses muaj feem xyuam rau loj - teev kev lag luam ntau lawm, thaum lub tshuab lim membrane tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov pom zoo thiab cov khoom zoo dua qub.
8. Centrifuges
Centrifuges cais lub hom phiaj rho tawm los ntawm cov nroj tsuag residues thiab tshem tawm cov impurities me me raws li qhov sib txawv ntom ntom ntawm cov khoom. Siab -ceev centrifuges tau dav siv rau kev ntxuav cov nroj tsuag rho tawm thiab tshem tawm vim lawv qhov kev sib cais siab.
9. Rotary Evaporators (Rotavap)
Rotary evaporators tshem tawm cov kuab tshuaj seem nyob rau hauv qhov txo qis thiab qis - qhov kub thiab txias, uas tuaj yeem zam kom tsis txhob muaj cov khoom xyaw ua kom tsis zoo thiab tau txais kev huv, siab - purity extracts. Lawv yog cov cuab yeej txhawb nqa tus qauv tom qab kev tshem tawm cov kuab tshuaj thiab cov txheej txheem distillation.
10. Lyophilizers (Lub Tshuab ziab khaub ncaws)
Lyophilizers paub txog cov kuab tshuaj thiab dej tshem tawm los ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev sublimation yam tsis muaj siab - cua sov. Cov cuab yeej ua ntej khov cov nroj tsuag rho tawm tag nrho, tom qab ntawd ua rau cov dej sab hauv sublimate nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig lub tshuab nqus tsev, uas feem ntau khaws cov haujlwm ntawm cov cua sov- cov ntsiab lus rhiab heev.
11. Hydrodistillation units
Hydrodistillation units qhia cov qauv kev ua haujlwm zoo sib xws nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, tab sis ncaj qha coj cov dej huv raws li qhov nruab nrab rho tawm. Lawv yog cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev rho tawm cov roj tseem ceeb ntawm paj, tshuaj ntsuab thiab cov noob cog.
12. Enzyme Extractors
Enzyme extractors siv cov enzymes tshwj xeeb hauv cov enzymes kom txo qis cov phab ntsa ntawm tes, yog li tso tawm tag nrho cov tshuaj intracellular bioactive compounds. Cov tshuab no tau siv dav hauv kev ua cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub, nrog rau kev siv cov khoom noj thiab dej haus.
Feem ntau, kev xaiv cov khoom siv cog extraction yog nyob ntawm peb yam tseem ceeb: cov khoom siv cog, cov khoom xyaw hauv lub hom phiaj thiab cov nplais ntau lawm (laboratory test, me me pilot or industrial mass production).