Cog rho tawm yog txheej txheem siv kom tau txais cov khoom siv bioactive, cov roj tseem ceeb, lossis lwm yam khoom muaj txiaj ntsig los ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Txoj kev no cais cov khoom tshwj xeeb los ntawm cov khoom siv cog xws li nplooj, stems, paj, keeb kwm, noob, lossis tawv ntoo. Cov tshuaj tau muab rho tawm no feem ntau yog siv hauv tshuaj, tshuaj pleev ib ce, zaub mov, thiab tshuaj ntsuab tshuaj.
Cov txheej txheem cog ntoo Extraction:
Maceration:
Cov khoom cog yog soaked nyob rau hauv ib tug hnyav (xws li dej, cawv, los yog roj) nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub.
Tom qab ib lub sij hawm, cov kuab tshuaj absorbs lub active compounds.
Nws yog ib qho yooj yim thiab ib txwm siv feem ntau siv rau tinctures los yog tshuaj ntsuab infusions.
Percolation:
Cov khoom cog yog muab tso rau hauv ib qho percolator (lub nkoj cylindrical), thiab cov kuab tshuaj tau dhau los ntawm nws.
Cov kuab tshuaj rho tawm cov tebchaw thaum nws ntws.
Txoj kev no yog sai dua maceration thiab feem ntau siv hauv kev siv tshuaj.
Distillation:
aimed ntawm extracting volatile tebchaw zoo li cov roj yam tseem ceeb.
Cov khoom cog yog rhuab, thiab cov chav nqa cov volatile tebchaw. Cov no yog condensed rov qab mus rau hauv daim ntawv kua.
Variants muaj xws li chav distillation thiab hydrodistillation.
Soxhlet Extraction:
Siv rau cov tshuaj uas tsis yog-volatile.
Ib qho hnyav dua dhau los ntawm cov khoom siv cog hauv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb, ua kom cov khoom sib txuas tau zoo.
Feem ntau hauv chav kuaj thiab chaw tsim khoom.
Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE):
Siv supercritical CO₂ ua cov kuab tshuaj los rho tawm cov tebchaw nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias.
Nws yog qhov ua tau zoo, xaiv, thiab tus phooj ywg ib puag ncig.
Dav siv rau high-purity rho tawm xws li cov roj yam tseem ceeb thiab cannabinoids.
Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE):
Siv ultrasonic nthwv dej kom agitate cov khoom cog rau hauv cov kuab tshuaj, txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm extraction.
Txoj kev no sai dua thiab siv cov kuab tshuaj tsawg dua piv rau cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj.
Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE):
Siv microwaves los ua kom sov cov kuab tshuaj thiab cov khoom siv cog, txhim kho kev tso tawm.
Nws yog cov txheej txheem ceev thiab siv zog.
Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE):
Kuj tseem hu ua accelerated solvent extraction.
Siv kev kub siab thiab kub kub los rho tawm cov tebchaw hauv lub kaw lus kaw.
Siv tau rau extracting compounds los ntawm tawv cov ntaub ntawv cog.
Enzymatic Extraction:
Enzymes rhuav tshem cov phab ntsa ntawm tes, tso cov tshuaj bioactive.
Siv rau cov khoom muag muag, zoo li cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Txias Txias:
Feem ntau rau rho tawm cov roj los ntawm cov noob thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo, xws li txiv roj roj lossis citrus tev roj.
Cov khoom cog yog mechanically nias yam tsis muaj cua sov los khaws cov khoom ntuj.
Factors Influencing Cog Extraction:
Hom kuab tshuaj: Txiav txim siab seb cov ntsiab lus twg yog muab rho tawm (xws li dej rau hydrophilic compounds, cawv rau hydrophilic thiab hydrophobic compounds).
Kev npaj cov khoom cog: Qhuav, sib tsoo, los yog hmoov tsub kom qhov chaw rau extraction.
Kub thiab siab: cuam tshuam rau kev ua tau zoo thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov khoom sib txuas.
Daim ntawv thov:
Pharmaceuticals: Extracting alkaloids, flavonoids, thiab glycosides.
Tshuaj pleev ib ce: Cov roj tseem ceeb thiab antioxidants.
Kev lag luam zaub mov: Flavorings, colorants, thiab preservatives.
Tshuaj ntsuab: Cov tshuaj nquag siv rau kev kho mob.
Cov txheej txheem no raug xaiv raws li lub hom phiaj sib txuas, cov khoom siv cog, thiab cov