Cov tooj liab-muaj etching khib nyiab tsim hauv PCB ntau lawm suav nrog acidic etching khib nyiab kua thiab alkaline etching khib nyiab kua. Tam sim no, txoj kev kho tseem ceeb rau alkaline tooj liab-muaj etching pov tseg kua muaj xws li tshuaj los nag txoj kev, kua membrane cais txoj kev, electrolysis txoj kev, thiab hnyav extraction.
Niaj hnub nimno ntub tooj liab smelting feem ntau yog hais txog leaching-extraction-electrowinning txoj kev. Extraction yog cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv niaj hnub ntub tooj liab smelting. Cov tooj liab ore yog kho nrog sulfuric acid los yog ammonia kom tau ib qho acidic los yog alkaline leachate uas muaj hlau ions. Los ntawm kev xaiv cov extractant tsim nyog thiab siv cov complexation ntawm cov extractant thiab cov hlau ions, cov hlau ions nyob rau hauv lub aqueous theem nkag mus rau cov organic theem, thiab tom qab ntxiv stripping, hlau ions yog regenerated thiab nws yog xim hlau tooj liab deposited.
Thoob plaws hauv cov txheej txheem kev lag luam, extractants yog qhov tseem ceeb. Tam sim no, nyob rau hauv hydrometallurgical extraction ntawm tooj liab los ntawm non-ferrous hlau thiab regeneration thiab rov qab ntawm tooj liab los ntawm etching kev daws teeb meem, extraction agents tau dav siv, uas siv qhov sib txawv nyob rau hauv faib coefficient K ntawm tooj liab thiab impurity ntsiab kom ua tiav kev sib cais ntawm tooj liab thiab impurity ntsiab. Qhov sib npaug tshuaj tseem ceeb yog: 2RH + Cu2+=CuR2+2H + (RH sawv cev tus neeg sawv cev rho tawm).
Tus neeg sawv cev extraction rau extracting tooj liab los ntawm alkaline aqueous tov siv tau ib tug extraction tus neeg saib xyuas uas nws lub ntsiab Cheebtsam yog -diketone thiab diluent sulfonated kerosene. -diketone yog acidic heev thiab muaj me ntsis solubility nyob rau hauv alkaline tov, yog li nws yog feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv alkaline tov los yog ammonia tov, tooj liab yog muab rho tawm los ntawm cov kua-kua ion pauv, thiab -diketone muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev xaiv siab thiab rov siv dua, yog li nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv tooj liab hydrometallurgy thiab alkaline etching kua regeneration. Nws yog feem ntau siv los xaiv rho tawm Cu2+ hauv cov tshuab siv rov qab. Sulfonated kerosene, tseem hu ua No. 260 hnyav roj, yog tsim los ntawm sulfonated kerosene. Cov khoom no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov sib xws thiab qeeb evaporation tus nqi thiab cov ntsiab lus tsis muaj ntxhiab hydrocarbon. Nws tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw, tsis muaj residue thaum evaporated, thiab tsis yooj yim oxidized los ntawm tshav kub. Nws yog qhov feem ntau diluent.