Hauv cov kua e-luam yeeb, es tsis txhob siv cov nplooj luam yeeb, tib neeg siv cov tshuaj nicotine kua, ib yam khoom uas feem ntau tau los ntawm cov nplooj luam yeeb.
Nicotine, 3-[1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]pyridine, muaj cov kws tshuaj hu ua chiral carbon. Cov molecule no feem ntau muaj ob lub qauv uas tsis yog superimposable, hu ua enantiomers. Lawv muaj cov qauv tshuaj tib yam, tab sis txoj haujlwm ntawm lawv cov atoms yuav txawv, ua rau ob lub molecules tsis yog superimposable, xws li sab laug thiab sab tes xis; iav dluab los yog enantiomers ntawm ib leeg. Hauv chemistry, ob enantiomers yog S- thiab R-nicotine.
Txij li thaum S-nicotine tig dav hlau polarized lub teeb mus rau sab laug (levorotatory) thiab R-nicotine mus rau sab xis (dextrorotatory), S- thiab R-nicotine tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm optically. Lub tswv yim tsis ntev los no hauv stereochemistry, qhov sib tov uas ob lub enantiomers coexist nyob rau hauv 1: 1 piv yog hu ua racemic (qhov sib txawv ntawm lub dav hlau polarized lub teeb yog xoom). Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm nicotine, cov racemic sib tov yog hu ua RS-nicotine.
Hauv kev haus luam yeeb tshiab, cov alkaloid array feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm 93% S-nicotine1, 3.9% S-anatabine2, 2.4% S-nornicotine3, thiab 0.5% S-anabamine4.
Extraction ntawm alkaloids yog tiav los ntawm cov organic solvents thiab distillation ntawm crushed qoob loo. Nicotine thiab alkaloids yog soluble hauv cov kuab tshuaj xws li cawv, chloroform, ether, roj av ether, kerosene, thiab dej. Kev siv microwave cua sov thiab cov kuab tshuaj sib tov tuaj yeem ua rau kom cov nicotine extraction tus nqi, txo lub sij hawm rho tawm, thiab xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom purity ncav cuag 99.9% qib tshuaj.
Lwm txoj kev yog siv ntsev thiab hloov cov kua rau hauv sulfate. Txoj kev no yuav tsum tau bleaching agents kom tshem tawm impurities. Tom qab ntawd cov sulfate raug txo mus rau ib daim ntawv siv tau nrog cov tshuaj reagents. Cov kua bleached zoo li clearer thiab yog yuam kev ntseeg tias purer.