Yuav Ua Li Cas Extract Ntses Roj: Cov Txheej Txheem thiab Cov Txheej Txheem Piav Qhia
Cov roj ntses yog muab rho tawm los ntawm cov nqaij ntses thiab yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv omega -3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (xws li EPA thiab DHA), uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Nws muaj ntau yam txiaj ntsig kev noj qab haus huv, suav nrog kev tswj cov ntshav lipids, tiv thaiv kab mob plawv, thiab txo qhov mob. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev rau rho tawm cov roj ntses, xws li cov txheej txheem ib txwm siv rau cov txheej txheem high-tech niaj hnub, txhua tus muaj nws tus kheej zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Hauv qab no yog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb thiab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog cov roj ntses extraction.
Ntses Roj Extraction Method
1. Lub cev Extraction txoj kev
⑴ Nias txoj kev
Cov roj yog nyem tawm ntawm cov nqaij ntses uas siv cov tshuab siab. Txoj kev no yooj yim tab sis muaj tus nqi qis qis (tsuas yog ib feem ntawm cov roj dawb tuaj yeem muab rho tawm). Nws yog tsim rau me me - teev ntau lawm thiab tam sim no tsis tshua siv.
Cov kauj ruam:
Sib tsoo cov ntaub ntawv raw → tshav kub thiab chav → mechanically nias → lim thiab cais roj.
⑵ Steaming Method
Cov ntses cell qauv yog tawg los ntawm cua sov kom tso cov roj. Txoj kev no tuaj yeem muab faib ua qhov ncaj ncaj thiab tsis ncaj steaming.
Cov kauj ruam:
Txiav raw cov ntaub ntawv rau hauv daim → chav ntawm qhov kub siab (80-100 degree) → tso cai rau sawv ntsug rau stratification → sau cov roj txheej sab saud.
Qhov tsis zoo: qhov kub thiab txias tuaj yeem ua rau cov roj oxidation, txo nws cov nqi noj haus.
2.Txoj kev Extraction
⑴ Txheej Txheem Extraction
Cov kuab tshuaj organic (xws li n-hexane lossis ethanol) yog siv los yaj cov roj, uas tom qab ntawd rov qab los ntawm evaporation.
Cov kauj ruam:
Crush raw cov ntaub ntawv → soak hauv hnyav → lim → distilled kom rov qab hnyav → tau cov roj ntses crude.
Qhov zoo: Kev rho tawm siab (txog 90% lossis ntau dua).
Disadvantages: Risk ntawm hnyav residues, yuav tsum tau nruj purification.
⑵ Lub Teeb Alkali Hydrolysis Method
Dilute alkali (xws li NaOH) yog siv los rhuav tshem cov protein thiab tso roj. Txoj kev no yog tsim rau cod siab roj extraction.
Cov kauj ruam:
Ntxiv alkali tov (pH 8-9) rau raw cov ntaub ntawv → hydrolyze → centrifuge cais → acidify → refine.
3.Biotechnology Methods
Txoj kev Enzymatic Hydrolysis
Proteases (xws li trypsin los yog papain) yog siv los maj mam hydrolyze proteins thiab tso roj.
Cov kauj ruam:
Homogenize raw cov ntaub ntawv → ntxiv enzyme (40-60 degree, pH 7-8) → hydrolyze rau 2-4 teev → deactivate enzyme → centrifuge rau extract roj.
Qhov zoo: Cov mob me me khaws EPA / DHA kev ua haujlwm.
Disadvantages: High enzyme nqi.
4.High-Tech Extraction Methods
⑴ Supercritical CO₂ Extraction Method
Nyob rau hauv kev kub siab (20-30 MPa) thiab qis kub (30-50 degree), CO₂ yog siv los ua cov kuab tshuaj los xaiv cov roj extraction.
Cov kauj ruam:
Load raw khoom → circulate supercritical CO₂ rau extraction → decompress kom cais → sau ntses roj.
Qhov zoo: Tsis muaj kuab lom residue, siab EPA / DHA purity.
Disadvantages: Cov khoom kim heev.
⑵ Molecular Distillation Method
Nyob rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev siab (0.1-1 Pa) thiab tsis tshua muaj kub (<100°C), fatty acids are separated based on differences in boiling points.
Cov kauj ruam:
Degum crude ntses roj → deacidify → ua ntau-theem molecular distillation → sau EPA/DHA feem.
Qhov zoo: Ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo omega-3 (purity tuaj yeem tshaj 70%) thaum tsis txhob oxidation.
Ntses Roj Refining thiab Enrichment Techniques
Cov roj ntses uas tau muab rho tawm yuav tsum tau ua kom huv ntxiv kom tshem tawm cov impurities (xws li cov roj cholesterol thiab cov hlau hnyav) thiab nce EPA / DHA cov ntsiab lus:
1.Urea Inclusion Method:Siv urea los tsim cov complexes nrog saturated fatty acids, uas tom qab ntawd tshem tawm los ntawm kev pom, enriching unsaturated fatty acids.
2.Low-Tub kub Crystallization:Txias cov roj (-20 degree) kom ua rau siab siab -melting-point lipids, cais cov kua roj unsaturated fatty acids.
3.CO₂ Supercritical Fractionation:Kho qhov siab thiab qhov kub thiab txias kom xaiv cais cov fatty acid sib txawv.
Kev ceev faj rau ntses roj Extraction
1.Raw Material Xaiv:Sib sib zog nqus- ntses hiav txwv (xws li salmon thiab sardines) muaj EPA / DHA cov ntsiab lus siab dua.
2.Antioxidant kho:Cov txheej txheem rho tawm yuav tsum koom nrog nitrogen flushing lossis vitamin E ntxiv los tiv thaiv oxidation.
3.Purity Testing:High-cov roj ntses zoo yuav tsum muaj omega-3 purity ntawm Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 60%, txheeb xyuas los ntawm GC lossis HPLC kev tshuaj xyuas.
Kev lag luam- nplai ntses roj extraction feem ntau yog nyob ntawm enzymatic hydrolysis thiab supercritical CO₂ rho tawm, ntsuas qhov ua tau zoo thiab zoo. Molecular distillation yog cov thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov roj ntses siab siab -purity. Thaum xaiv cov khoom siv roj ntses, xav txog EPA / DHA cov ntsiab lus thiab kev kho mob antioxidant kom ntseeg tau tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws.